Showing posts with label dalit. Show all posts
Showing posts with label dalit. Show all posts

Thursday, July 24, 2008

Open Mike 22: "the deal" (discussion)

Thursday Open Mike 22 (now on Tuesday)
Topic: Indo-US Nuclear Cooperation Agreement, aka "the deal"
July 22, 2008 [Tuesday]
@ 8PM in Gaurav's House.
1781 Spyglass Drive, #244
Austin TX 78746

Participants: Gaurav, Murali

Here is a broad summary of what we discussed:

* the status of the deal (the UPA govt had won the trust vote, the politicians had largely failed to distinguish themselves in the debate though), the sordid and blatant corruption deals in the attempts to achieve the success or failure of the trust motion etc.

* does India need more nuclear power? the power shortage is real and important. but what about other alternatives - coal, oil, gas, hydel, wind, solar? and then we discussed how the govt could instead incentivize innovation and local production/consumption of cleaner energy like wind and solar through subsidies that would cost far less than nuclear plant construction. and contribute to more sustainable development initiatives like "green" (less-energy intensive) farming, construction, public transport etc.

* safety issues surrounding the operation of nuclear power plants and disposal of radioactive wastes: and we also discussed how these concerns are heightened in a poor country like India where human rights are much less important than developed nations like the US where human rights and safety are given a lot more prominence. If the Bhopal gas victims still have no justice, then why will a possible radiation leak disaster be any different?

* the rise of Mayawati and what that may mean: one interesting consequence of the whole trust vote saga has been the elevation to prominence of Mayawati, a dalit woman. How important this is can be gleaned by Laloo's quote during the debate (paraphrased): "...why are all these people saying Mayawati for PM? Will the upper-caste BJP ever support a dalit woman as PM?". We also talked about how our first reaction to Mayawati is usually that of a megalomaniacal woman and that is typically the only image portrayed by the media, and perhaps the truth is a lot more complex. In any case, having a dalit in the PM can at worst, only continue the status quo, and at best, can achieve a lot for the uplift of oppressed people.

An excellent article on how earth-shaking this rise of Mayawati is by MK Bhadrakumar, a format Indian diplomat:
http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/JG22Df01.html

History never ceases to surprise. What began as the "Great Middle East" strategy in the minds of a neo-conservative Connecticut Yankee from Texas may end up in the democratization of India. Yes, paradoxically, the legacy of the George W Bush era for South Asia may turn out to be that the 60-year old democratization process in India took a quantum leap.

Tuesday, May 27, 2008

Racism in the world and fighting it

Related to our discussion a few weeks back on racism and affirmative action, here's an excellent article called 'Fighting Racism Globally' by Girish Mishra:

http://www.zcommunications.org/znet/viewArticle/17739

The article offers a high-level view of racism, the various kinds of racism ("individual, structural and ideological"), history of racism etc in various countries in the world, including casteism in India, and provides many examples of racism institutionalized in society even today. For instance,


a study prepared in 2003 that there was widespread discrimination against candidates for jobs on the basis of their names, which were perceived as "sounding black"


Also interestingly, some of the policies meant for affirmative action may infact achieve the opposite result if not correctly implemented. Policies adopted for prompt payment of loans and subsidies for black farmers ended up in extensive racial discrimination:

"In 1999, African-American farmers won a major civil rights settlement against the United States Department of Agriculture. They argued that the loans and subsidies they received were substantially lower than those for comparable white farmers. What made matters worse was the fact that Reagan-era budget cuts closed the U. S. D. A.'s civil rights office for 13 years, so most of the complaints filed during that time were never heard. To its credit, the department conducted an internal investigation and discovered that racial discrimination had not only occurred but had also been structurally and historically embedded in its operations.


Mishra then talks about the various efforts undertaken globally to fight racism, including UN conventions and declarations adopted, and the effects they have had. He also takes on some of the views of Samuel Huntington, currently leading barely-concealed racist theories against Hispanics, and shows how in general, the most successful societies have always been multi-racist and multi-cultural...

And argues that "
there is a close connection between the struggle against racism and the fight against poverty.and for social, economic and cultural uplift of the people at large", which implies that current neo-liberalization and globalization trends further aggravate racial disparities.

Worth a read.

Wednesday, April 9, 2008

Open Mike 9: Affirmative action in India -- more links

In response to Arvind's question on geographical population %age versus reservation %age --

Here are the numbers for Tamilnadu:

Total population: 623 lakhs; reservation 69%
(TN doesnt classify as OBC -- they break it down into BC and MBC)

Backward Classes -- pop:289 lakhs (46.2%) -- reservation 30%
Most Backward and denotified tribes -- pop:129 lakhs (20.7%) -- reservation 20%
Scheduled Castes -- pop:118 lakhs (19%) -- reservation 18%
Scheduled Tribes -- pop: 7 lakhs (1.1%) -- reservation 1%
All others -- pop:80 lakhs (13%) -- open (no reservations) 31%

Even at 69% reservations, the reservation percentages are lesser than population percentages. In rest of India with 27% reservations, its clearly evident what the ratios are. I dont have a link which gives us population-wise percentage breakdown of OBC/SC/ST/Others at the national level. If someone can find that, please post.

best references for the TN numbers are:
[1] Tamilnadu government policy note on BC and MBC welfare:
http://www.tn.gov.in/policynotes/archives/policy2007-08/pdf/bcmbcwelfare.pdf
[2] Ravishankar Arunachalam's article on the mathematics of reservations:
http://studentorgs.utexas.edu/aidaustin/issue/reservation/Ravishankar.pdf

Also, to address the example that Ashwini was talking about, take a look at the national policy on creamy layer, from the Indian govt.'s National Commission for Backward Classes(NCBC) website:
http://ncbc.nic.in/html/creamylayer.htm
Particularly look at issue VI. Income/Wealth Test. That addresses the "economic" creamy layer who will not fall under reservation category.
Son(s) daughter(s) –
(a) Persons having gross annual income of Rs. 1 lakh or above or possessing wealth above the exemption limit as prescribed in the Wealth Act for a period of three consecutive years.

(b) Persons in Categories I, II, III and V-A who are not disentitled to the benefit of reservation but have income from other sources of wealth which will bring them within the income/wealth criteria mentioned in (a) above.

EXPLANATION:-
(i) Income from salaries or agricultural land shall not be clubbed;
(ii) The income criteria in terms of rupee will be modified taking into account the change in its value every three years. If the situation, however, so demands, the interregnum may be less.

The other categories are also quite illuminating in providing a picture of what the NCBC considers as privileges in the Indian society.

Another interesting link from the NCBC site is the set of guidelines that determine whether a community can be categorized as OBC.
http://ncbc.nic.in/html/guideline.htm

Thanks,
Vinod

Tuesday, April 8, 2008

Open Mike 9: Affirmative Action in India

Folks, our next open mike session will be at our usual meeting place:

@ 8PM in Arvind & Ashwini's House.
4201 Monterey Oaks Blvd #1911
Austin TX 78749

My suggestion for the topic is Affirmative Action in India

Some links:

[1] Customary wikipedia definition
The term affirmative action describes policies aimed at a historically socio-politically non-dominant group (typically, minority men or women of all races) intended to promote access to education or employment. Motivation for affirmative action is a desire to redress the effects of past and current discrimination that is regarded as unfair...

[2] Reservations in India
Reservation in Indian law is a form of affirmative action whereby a percentage of seats are reserved in the Parliament of India, state legislative assemblies, union and state civil services, public sector units, union and state government departments and in all public and private educational institutions, except in the minority and religious educational institutions, for the socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or the Scheduled Castes and Tribes who are perceived by the government to be inadequately represented in these services and institutions.

[3] Arguments for and against reservations
There are several arguments provided both in support and in opposition to reservation. Some of the arguments on either side are often disputed by the other, while others are agreed upon by both sides, with a possible third solution proposed to accommodate both parties.

Pro-Reservation:

[4] Mandal Commission Report by Dinkar Sakrikar
The report of the Mandal Commission has generated a furious controversy. A peculiar feature is that the controversy is not being fought between the right and the left; on both sides of the divide are ranged both right and the left.

[5] Why Reservation for OBC is a Must by V.B. Rawat

[6] Reservations: a larger perspective by D. Parthasarathy, IIT Bombay
A fairly detailed paper with some interesting comparisons.
Going by the logic of anti-reservationists that merit alone and not accident of birth should be the criteria for seats or positions, one can ask why a son (or, rarely a daughter) should get the property of a parent when the parent dies.

Anti-Reservation:
[7] Youth for Equality
I believe this group was at the forefront of protests against the UPA government's institution of the Mandal commission recommendations.
Youth for Equality is a forum which was initiated by the students of the 5 medical colleges of Delhi, to bring together those Youth (irrespective of field/caste/class) who feel strongly against populist measures (reservations on basis of caste/religion) which are wrong, unjust and harmful to India's future.

[8] Some prominent personalities against reservation

Reservations for forward-caste poor?
[9] Diluting Mandal by M. S. Gill
...Gill used to be an Central Election Commissioner in India and is now a cabinet minister?
The move to extend reservation to the poor among the forward castes not only goes against the basic concept of affirmative action, it also violates the spirit of the Constitution.

Links by email from Santhosh:
Hi,

Here are some links that can help :

A PBS documentary on discrimination -
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/divided/etc/view.html

Here are a bunch of links that I think we should read up on -
http://studentorgs.utexas.edu/aidaustin/issue/reservation/

Very informative comparisons can be drawn on racism and affirmative
action in the US. Here is an article by UT prof, Bob Jensen -
http://uts.cc.utexas.edu/~rjensen/freelance/whiteprivilege.htm

A paper on understanding merit -
http://home.iitk.ac.in/~amman/articles/amman_sociologizing_merit.pdf

Thanks,
Santhosh.

Wednesday, March 5, 2008

Open Mike 5: Racist India (links)

Many links. Many perspectives. Not endorsing one over the other. Read away. We can discuss one or the other or all.

[1] Discrimination by caste is outlawed in India, but it is a part of daily life
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1495052.stm

[2] Symonds racially abused by monkey chants in Vadodara?
http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/7039776.stm
[3] and in Wankhede Stadium, Mumbai? (good picture, this one)
http://mksviews.files.wordpress.com/2007/10/wankers_wankhede_stadium.jpg
[4] apparently he just mistook antics for racism
http://cricket.expressindia.com/news/Symonds-mistook-antics-for-racism-Pawar/230126/
[5] India blast latest Harbhajan racism claims
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/main.jhtml?xml=/sport/2008/03/03/ucharb103.xml

[6] and India does get offended by racism towards herself -- Shilpa Shetty in Big Brother
http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/news/archives/2007/01/19/big_brother_racism_debate_rages_in_india.html

[7] Caste and Racial Discrimination in India - Can the UN Help?
http://india_resource.tripod.com/caste.html

[8] The Stain that just wont wash, an article by Shivam Vij
http://www.shivamvij.com/2007/02/the-stain-that-just-wont-wash.html

[9] Does bollywood prefer fair women?
http://www.sepiamutiny.com/sepia/archives/001945.html

[10] Fair=Lovely?
http://vsequeira.blogspot.com/2005/07/fair-lovely.html

[11] Remote Racism to counter Bangalore-d jobs?
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/987643.cms

[12] India does not believe caste discrimination is racism
http://www.rediff.com/news/2001/sep/02caste.htm

[13] An Untouchable subject -- NPR on caste systems
http://www.npr.org/programs/specials/racism/010828.caste.html

[14] Dalit Freedom Network -- many interesting posts here
http://www.dalitnetwork.org/

[15] Casteism as Raceism and Is Caste Racism or what?
http://ambedkar.org/WCAR/Casteismas.htm
http://ambedkar.org/WCAR/IsCaste.htm

[16] Racism in North India?
http://www.boloji.com/wfs5/wfs677.htm

[17] On Racism and Censorhip, an article by Shashi Tharoor in TOI
http://www.shashitharoor.com/articles/toi/racism.php

[18] Racism in India: The arrogance of Power
http://www.ndtv.com/debate/showdebate.asp?show=1&archive=yes&story_id=197&template=&category=Humanstory

[19] Post-Colonial Racism in India
http://baltimorechronicle.com/052404RacisminIndia.shtml

[20] UPA govt. no less racist -- providing the other perspective
http://www.ivarta.com/columns/OL_070210.htm

Phew! There is no shortage of links! But I did have a great time researching this set.

Open Mike 5: Racist India (topic)

Thursday Open Mike 5
Topic: Racist India
March 06, 2008 [Thursday]
@ 8PM in Arvind & Ashwini's House.
4201 Monterey Oaks Blvd #1911
Austin TX 78749